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Sloth bear
The sloth bear (''Melursus ursinus''), also known as the Stickney bear or labiated bear,〔 is a nocturnal insectivorous bear species found wild within the Indian Subcontinent. The sloth bear evolved from ancestral brown bears during the Pleistocene and shares features found in insect-eating mammals through convergent evolution. The population isolated in Sri Lanka is considered a subspecies. Unlike brown and black bears, sloth bears have lankier builds, long, shaggy coats that form a mane around the face, long, sickle-shaped claws, and a specially adapted lower lip and palate used for sucking insects. Sloth bears breed during spring and early summer and give birth near the beginning of winter. They feed on termites, honeybee colonies, and fruits. Sloth bears sometimes attack humans who encroach on their territories. Historically, humans have drastically reduced their habitat and diminished their population by hunting them for food and products such as their bacula and claws. These bears have been used as performing pets due to their tameable nature.
== Naming and etymology ==
Initially thought to be related to the South American sloths, Shaw and Nodder in 1791 called the species ''Bradypus ursinus'', noting that it was bear-like, but giving weight to the long claws and the absence of upper middle incisors. Meyer (1793) identified it as a bear and called it ''Melursus lybius'', and in 1817, de Blainville called it ''Ursus labiatus'' because of the long lips. Iliger called it ''Prochilus hirsutus'', the Greek genus name indicating long lips, while the specific name noted its long and coarse hair. Fischer called it ''Chondrorhynchus hirsutus'', while Tiedemann called it ''Ursus longirostris''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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